Trumans Decision Essays (761 words) - , Term Papers

Trumans Decision Truman's Decision While Americans and Japanese alike expected the war to end after a bloody invasion of Japan, the U.S. government was readying a secret weapon that would dramatically affect the war's outcome: the atomic bomb. In the spring and summer of 1945, American leaders would have to decide whether to use the new weapon without warning against Japanese cities. Years after the bombing of Japan, people all over the world are still questioning Truman's decision to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It's been said that the bomb was an immoral act of injustice, yet others see it as the only solution for ending World War II. At the time, the bomb was a promise of peace. When Truman became president on April 12, 1945, upon the death of President Roosevelt, he had no knowledge of the actual bomb project itself and his first information about what was really being done came from Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson on April 25th. Stimson himself was virtual head of the project and had been during the years of its development as a military weapon. Stimson had conferred frequently with President Roosevelt during this period but his last meeting with FDR had been on March 15th. Truman's first connection with the bomb project - though he knew nothing of what the project was - occurred long before he became President. It was during his senate service as a member of the appropriations committee and as chairman of the Senate Special Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program - known as the Truman Committee, when the first appropriation for the project came before the appropriations committee. In talks with the President on at least two occasions he told me of this. He said the appropriation request did not disclose the nature of the project and, as a result, he ordered an investigator for his special committee to look into it. In his memoirs, Truman says that he sent investigators into Tennessee and to the state of Washington to find out what the enormous construction was and their purpose. Immediately afterward Secretary Stimson called him and they got together. Stimson did not tell him what the project was but did tell him it concerned the topmost secret in the government and that they wanted to go ahead without disclosing any information. On Stimson's assurances, the President called off his investigation and did not go further into the matter. The Americans had pushed Japan out of all the land they had occupied in the pacific region. In Europe Hitler was defeated. So why did the Americans drop the bomb? Possible reasons could be that the Americans believed Japan would never surrender. Some people believe that if the bomb had not been dropped thousands of American lives could have been lost in an invasion of Japan. Also, the Bomb had cost a lot of money to develop and the Americans wanted to use it. The bomb cost $200 million. It would have been difficult to justify not using after such as vast financial investment. Some believe it was used to teach the Japanese a lesson, seeing that they were very cruel to the prisoners of war. When Truman came into office, the European was coming to an end, and he was left to concentrate his power on the war in the Pacific. The only obstacle that the United States needed to overcome was Japanese expansion. However, this was not easy. Although allied raids had destroyed much of the Japanese naval fleet and air force, their ancient Bushido tradition prevented surrender. Therefore, an allied victory would create extremely high casualties. This fact put Truman in a very difficult position. He had to choose between the massive destruction that the bomb would cause Japan and saving the lives of his American soldiers. After being consulted by his military advisors that an invasion of Japan would cost over 1 million American lives, he decided to drop the bomb on Japan. However, after being present at the first successful test of the atomic bomb, Truman should have been more cautious about it. Although Truman had discussed the idea of dropping the atomic bomb with Churchill and Sta lin, the decision

Australian Unions and Society essays

Australian Unions and Society essays At the Harvard Trade Union Program of 1999, Emeritus Professor John T.Dunlop asked the class of mid-career union leaders to paint a picture of where their union would be in the year 2025. This was based on a similar event in 1955, when the editor of Fortune magazine asked the long-serving AFL-CIO President, George Meany, where the American labor movement would be in 1980 (see Dunlop, 1980). The Meany interview attracted interest because of its optimism and confidence regarding the future of American labor. Given the actual events that have occurred since 1955, with the drastic decline of trade union membership in industrialized countries, not too many optimistic scenarios are being posed in 1999. No one seems to want to emulate Meanys ill-fated forecast of 1955 Unions have played an important role in Australian society in terms of raising living standards for workers and advancing social justice issues. Shorter working hours, equal pay for women, improved health and safety, holiday time, superannuation, and vocational training and other facets of Australian working life are due to enduring and forceful union campaigns. Yet despite these real life successes, the prognosis for the Australian union movement does not look good on the basis of the statistics alone. Third, it is important to understand changes in globalization and how nations relate to each other politically through trade and investment. There is no point in retreating into economic nationalism and trade protective strategies. Instead unions should play a role in changing economic institutions and providing labor market protection to those adversely affected by changes in the international economy. Trade unions can also make sure that trade liberalization advocates are held accountable by monitoring their claims on jobs created and the effect of trade on wages.. This is a key role for trade unions to play. There is a labor movement alternative to policies of both...

How can international students' English level affect their use of Essay

How can international students' English level affect their use of social media in the process of choosing universities - Essay Example The researcher used both the questionnaires and oral interview methods to adequately collect primary data from the respondents. A section of the questionnaires was emailed to the respondents and others were administered directly by the researcher. The questionnaires incorporated the use of both the closed and open ended questions. The open ended questions are significant in a research study for they give the respondent a room to respond to give more information left out by the researcher when he or she was designing the questionnaire (Reja et.al, 2003, p. 160-167). The questionnaires used a five Likert scale with items; strongly disagree, disagree, neither agree or disagree, agree and strongly agree. Before the interviews were conducted and before the questionnaires were sent to the sample population, the researcher sought permission from the respective university managements to authorize him to collect data from the sample population. A pilot study was conducted by the researcher prior the administration of the questionnaires on at least 5 respondents. This was to test for the validity and reliability of the questionnaires that were used in the study. According to Ceswell et.al (2010, p. 32), 10 percent of the sample is to constitute the pilot test or the pilot study-rule of thumb. Also, there were no ethical concerns raised by the respondents both in the time of conducting the interviews and filling in of the questionnaires. Further, the participation of the respondents in the study was plainly voluntary. No respondent was forced to participate in the study at any circumstance. Although both the target and the sample populations incorporated UK and non UK students, the research study was mainly targeting the international university students pursuing studies in the UK. This is because these students have a better understanding of the researcher’s

Is the use of field trips in geography a useful wasy for children to Essay

Is the use of field trips in geography a useful wasy for children to learn between the age of 5 to 11 year old discuss - Essay Example In short, early years geography is fundamentally about the development of the concepts of ‘space’ and ‘place’ and, entirely depends upon a wide range of classroom tasks and related learning activities that can contribute to effective learning of these concepts. Practical tasks with which children may engage to promote meaningful learning in geography draw upon a complex theoretical framework. Present space clearly does not allow for a comprehensive overview and analysis of this. Thus it is intended to highlight a number of key elements of the framework and to illuminate these with recent and relevant research evidence. (Birch & Palmer, 2004, p. 8) While the content of the National Curriculum for Schools in England underpins and guides the structure of the forthcoming text, it also discusses general principles of teaching and learning in geographical education that are transferable and applicable to all ‘early years’ children of nursery and school age. It is relevant to teachers, student teachers, policy-makers and all other providers of field trip education for children aged 5 to 11 years; that is, the Foundation Stage and Key Stage 1 in the language of the National Curriculum. We consider it to be both a difficult and inappropriate task to pursue any discussion of learning experiences relating to the subject matter of geography in the early years of schooling without making reference to the cross-curricular theme of education for sustainable development, closely allied to the area of learning which many know as environmental education. These learning experiences refer to a large extent of Geographical field trips which are inextricably linked in the work of primary education ranging from nursery to early primary classes. Therefore, their inter-relationships are considered with field trips and practical examples that take account of teaching and learning across the whole spectrum of geography and what might be termed

Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Marketing Management - Essay Example According to Kotler (2003), customer perceived value (CPV) is the difference between total customer value and total customer cost. Total customer value includes four factors: product value, services value, image value and personnel value; and total customer cost includes time cost, monetary cost, psychic cost and energy cost (Tseng & Et. Al., 2007). The enhancement of the consumer perceived value can be achieved by increasing total consumer value or by reducing total consumer cost. This can be understood better with the help of an example of Wal-Mart, the UK based retail chain of stores. To enhance the consumer value they offer huge assortments in merchandises. There are various options available for the consumers to chose from the various brands and their private level brands. In reduction to consumer cost, Wal-Mart offers ‘everyday low pricing’ strategy. This offering allows the consumers to save certain amount of money through the low pricing strategy of Wal-Mart. This helped Wal-Mart to cater its consumers’ added value through higher level of satisfaction (IMD, 2009). This model suggests that how received and desired values adjust well into a disaffirmation type satisfaction model. The overall satisfaction can be known as the consumer’s judgment in reaction to assessment of understanding with the products and services. When the consumers make an evaluation, they create certain notions, developed from the past and present experiences about the value that they desired. The desired value directs consumers when they structure perception of the products or services whether it has performed excellently or weakly in the utilisation circumstances. The consumer’s derived value is evaluated upon experiences they use on certain attributes of the experiences, performances and consequences. The received value may guide in the creation that is generally

Flumequine and Balofloxacin

Flumequine and Balofloxacin Made by LAB GROUP: F2 Lab Instructors: T.A/ Spring 2015 Table of Contents: Introduction on (Flumequine) pg. 3 and (Balofloxacin) pg. 4 Discussion on (Flumequine) pg. 5, 6, 7 and (Balofloxacin) pg. 8, 9, 10 Conclusion pg. 11 Reference pg. 12 Flumequine: The first of the quinolone family is the nalidixic acid. The drug was followed by the floroquinolones including flumequine which is a 1st generation agent in the floroquinolones. The first generation including flumequine had a variety of problems such as: Limited activity poor distribution tendon ruptures Hepatotoxicity and additive effect on neurological disorders ex: myasthenia gravis All of the first generation drugs were used for the treatment of infections in the urinary tract. The benzo quinolzine (flumequine) was invented in 1973 by (rikker labs) a german inventors. Flumequine is known to be the first of the quinolone family to include a fluoride at carbon number six on the skeleton of the quinolone compound. Although flumequine is basically the first of all floroquinolones it is frequently overlooked upon classification of this class of drugs through generations; it was omitted from the list. It is more often used for the treatment of farm animals and on certain cases pets. And as follows the use in humans is for infections in the urinary tract. It was originally used only for urinary tract infections until reports of toxicity were filed reporting anaphylactic shock and degrees of damage in the liver. The (FDA) food and drug administration made a request on all the quinolone and floroquinolone boxes to be delivered to contain a black boxed warning thus, noti fying the risks of sudden ruptures in the tendon which basically includes the flumequine. As well letters were sent to physicians based on the FDA's request to notify the doctors. The tendon complications were also exhibited in flumequine. The majority of floroquinolone generic versions did not include the black boxed warning in 2009 September as well some reports were filed to claim that this information was never distributed or shared among pharmacists and some products to this day still are shipped without the warning or medication guide that the physicians and pharmacists can distribute. Uses (licensed): Infections in the urinary tract Balofloxacin: Balofloxacin is often potent as an antibacterial agent. It has a broad spectrum bactericidal activity. It is less toxic than other fluoroquinolones. The distinction between a quinolone drug and a fluoroquinolone drug is the addition of fluorine to the basic pharmacophore, which causes a fluorinated drug. Quinolones and fluoroquinolones terms are often used interchangeably regardless of this distinction. Balofloxacin is a third generation fluoroquinolone. A meta-analysis of skin infections and fluoroquinolones showed that the fluoroquinolones are more associated with unfavorable reactions than beta lactam. However, the increase was due to a slight to moderate rate of nausea and diarrhea higher. Enough to cause serious side effects withdrawal of the trial occurred at similar rates. Rarely, fluoroquinolones have been associated with serious and adverse effects on the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, circulatory system, the maxillofacial system, endocrine system, gastrointestinal system the urological system, liver, brain, skin, and sensory systems such as sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste. After a single dose toxic reactions had been reported to occur. Uses: Uncomplicated infections of the urinary tract Chemical structure: Flumequine: Chemical structure and formula: C (14) H (12) F (1) N (1) O (3) IUPAC name: 9-fluoro -6, 7 dihydro -5 methyl -1 oxo -1H, 5H -benzo quinolizine -2- carboxylic acid Mode of action: Flumequine is mainly an antibiotic that is broad spectrum and mostly active against gram positive bacteria and gram negative. Mechanism works through the inhibition of gyrase DNA, topoisomerase specifically type 2 and type 4; they are enzymes that are responsible for bacterial DNA segregation therefore by inhibiting them the bacteria cannot replicate hence, inhibition of cell division. This mechanism might also alter mammalian cell division. Basically the drugs of high activity could lead to toxic effects in mammals. The report of DNA damage was first filed in 1986, its mechanism of cytotoxicity is still unknown. Dosage forms: For veterinary forms: Oral solutions (10-20%) prescription required For human forms: Oral tablets (400mg) notice: it is discontinued 20% solution Tablet formulation stopped Synthesis of flumequine: Structure activity relationship (SAR): The fluorine that is present at carbon number six which enhances the inhibition of gyrase and cellular penetration. The carbon number seven constituent was found to control cell permeability according to the properties of the constituent. Substitution of N number 1 is essential in obtaining the anti-bacterial properties. The introduction of a butyl group at N number 1 enhances the activity against the gram positive bacteria and little or minimal reduction of activity against gram negative bacteria. At position two the addition of nitrogen did show an improvement of the pharmacokinetic properties. At positions 4 and 3 they do have a link with the keto and carboxylic group which is an essential thing for binding to the gyrase DNA. At position number 5 the substitution by small groups like amino, nitro, halogens and alkyl groups could improve the tissue distribution and absorption. Though suggestions were raised that the substitution at position 5 could decrease the anti-bacterial properties. At position 6 the substitution by F, H, Br, Cl, nitro, methyl and Cyanide would actually increase the potency of anti-bacterial activity by means of improving the binding and penetration abilities. Metabolism: Flumequine is known to have good absorption thus, well absorbed and is mainly excreted in feces and urine as a glucuronide conjugates according to the parent drug and active ingredient of metabolism which is flumequine 7-hydroxy. The drug is eliminated within 168 hours after dosing. Major residue was found in chickens, pigs and sheep to be in the form of flumequine 7-hydroxy it was found in minimal amounts. The detection of the parent drug was only found in trout. Metabolism can be summarized as well absorbed and metabolized in the liver. Balofloxacin: IUPAC: 1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-7-(3-methylaminopiperidin-1-yl)-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid Synthesis: Mode of action First and second generation fluoroquinolone selectively inhibit the field of ligase topoisomerase II, leaving two areas nuclease intact. This modification, combined with the constant action in the bacterial cell by topoisomerase II, results in fragmentation of DNA through nuclease activity domains of intact enzymes. fluoroquinolones that are third and fourth generation are more selective for the ligase domain topoisomerase IV and therefore improved the gram positive coverage. Fluoroquinolones can enter cells through porins easily thus, could be used for the treatment of pathogens that are intracellular such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila. Too many bacteria that are gram-negative, the target is the DNA gyrase, in turn the topoisomerase IV is the target of many Gram-positive bacteria. Some compounds of this class were found to inhibit the synthesis of mitochondrial DNA. Dosage forms: Tablets 100-400 mg oral Metabolism: Pharmacokinetics of balofloxacin, the new fluoroquinolone, was a study conducted on mice, dogs and rats through liquid chromatography (high-performance). The bioavailabilities oral means of balofloxacin it was obtained through calculation of the AUC (area under the curve) after intravenous and oral in mice, rats and dogs 87.50 and 87.73%, respectively, suggesting that was absorbed almost entirely balofloxacin in rats and dogs, but not in mice after single oral administration. The average elimination half-life in plasma after intravenous injection in mice, rats and dogs are 0.92, 1.33 and 6.38 hours, respectively. I mean cumulative urinary excretion rate unchanged balofloxacin within 24 hours of oral administration of balofloxacin in dogs, mice and rats respectively. May secrete a small part of the metabolism in the urine as glucuronide balofloxacin and N-desmethyl balofloxacin in these species. After oral administration of balofloxacin in a dose of 100 mg / kg in rats, and was for a long period of absorption compared with those after administration in doses of 5 and 20 mg / kg. The plasma concentration-time profiles and pharmacological parameters of balofloxacin in male mice similar to those found in female mice, suggesting a lack of sex-related differences. Once a day for 21 days, multiple departments were not affected by this drug in mice of balofloxacin formations. Structure activity relationship (SAR): The fluorine that is present at carbon number six which enhances the inhibition of gyrase and cellular penetration. The carbon number seven constituent was found to control cell permeability according to the properties of the constituent. Substitution of N number 1 is essential in obtaining the anti-bacterial properties. The introduction of a butyl group at N number 1 enhances the activity against the gram positive bacteria and little or minimal reduction of activity against gram negative bacteria. The addition at position two of nitrogen did show an improvement of the pharmacokinetic properties. They do have a link at positions 4 and 3 with the keto and carboxylic group which is an essential thing for binding to the gyrase DNA. The substitution at position number 5 by small groups like amino, nitro, halogens and alkyl groups could improve the tissue distribution and absorption. Though suggestions were raised that the substitution at position 5 could decrease the anti-bacterial properties. The substitution at position 6 by F, H, Br, Cl, nitro, methyl and Cyanide would actually increase the potency of anti-bacterial activity by means of improving the binding and penetration abilities. Conclusion: Flumequine: It is a first generation fluoroquinolone Well absorbed orally and metabolized hepatically (glucuronide conjugates) Discontinued due to dangerous adverse effects such as hepatotoxicity Veterinary use only Black box warning Is used for UTI but discontinued in humans Mechanism of action is inhibition of DNA gyrase, less selective than third generation drugs and lower gram positive activity Was administered orally as tablets for human use but discontinued and mainly now as solutions for veterinary use Excreted in feces and urine . Balofloxacin: It is a third generation fluoroquinolone Well absorbed orally and minimal hepatic metabolism It is very useful because it has less adverse effects than other fluoroquinolones Human use No black box warning due to minimal side effects Mainly used for uncomplicated UTI Same mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones (Inhibition of DNA gyrase) more selective and improved gram positive activity due to 3rd generation properties Orally administered in the form of tablets Excreted in feces and urine Reference: Chemspider, Flumequine Available at: http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.3257.html (Accessed: 12 April, 2015) FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of The United States, Flumequine, Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/w8338e/w8338e0a.htm (Accessed: 12 April, 2015) NCBI, Structure Activity relationships of The Fluoroquinolones, Anti microb Agents Chemother (1989) pages: 131-135 Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC171443/ (Accessed: 12 April, 2015) World Public Library, Flumequine Available at: http://www.netlibrary.net/articles/flumequine#Mode_of_action (Accessed: 12 April, 2015) Medicine India. Balofloxacin Pharmacology. Available at: https://www.medicineindia.org/pharmacology-for-generic/2923/balofloxacin (Accessed: 13 April, 2015) NCBI. Pharmacokinetics of the new fluoroquinolone balofloxacin in mice, rats, and dogs. (1995). Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7646579 (Accessed: 13 April, 2015) WHO. Medical reference publication. (2005). PDF, Available at: http://www.netlibrary.net/eBooks/WPLBN0000173166.aspx (Accessed: 13 April, 2015) Drugs and Pharmacology. Balofloxacin. (2013). Available at: http://drugsandpharmacology.blogspot.com/2013/03/balofloxacin.html (Accessed: 13 April, 2015) 1

Self-Employment Essay -- Jobs Businesses Papers

Self-Employment Today large companies are downsizing and reengineering with much more frequency, and it would appear that the trend has become one of people starting their own business. An interesting statistic stated that in the United States a new small business is started every 11 seconds; (of course many do fail, but they are started all the same). (Sullivan) We must also keep in mind that starting a business and being self-employed are not always one in the same-as this paper will examine in more detail. People can be, and often are, simultaneously owners, self-employed producers, and capitalists. It was stated that, In traditional economics a basic principle is that economic resources-the means of producing goods and services-are limited or scarce. Economic resources are defined as property resources-land or raw materials and capital-and human resources-labor and entrepreneurial ability. Therefore, entrepreneurial ability is one of the four cornerstones of our economy. (Kautz, "Entrepreneurial Issues.") The availability of all of these resources in turn, determines the vitality of the economy and its growth. Although to be an entrepreneur does not require that one be self-employed, being self-employed does require that one, at least to some extent, be an entrepreneur. Therefore it is important to understand what it "is" to be an entrepreneur as well as what it "takes" to be an entrepreneur. The basic components of entrepreneurial ability can be reduced to four basic components. First, the entrepreneur is the one who takes the first step, and thus the initiative, to combine the individual parts of land, capital, and labor to produc... ...ary/weekly/1999/aa051799.htm Kautz, Judith. "Entrepreneurs Add Vitality to the Economy." July 2, 1999." wysiwyg://24/http://entrepreneurs†¦.s/library/weekly/1999/aa070299.htm Kautz, Judith. "Entrepreneurship Beyond 2000." wysiwyg://29/http://entrepreneurs†¦.s/library/weekly/1999/aa112599.htm Martin, Ed. "Entrepreneurs and Small Business. What's the Difference?" wysiwyg://53/http://sbinformation†¦.ation/library/weekly/aa082800a.htm Pettersson, Edvard. "Countering View of Immigrants as Entrepreneurs." Los Angeles Business Journal. January 24, 2000. The Gale Group (CBJ, L.P.). Sullivan, Robert. "Nine Steps to Success." The Small Business Start-up Guide. wysiwyg://17/http://www.bizproweb.com/features/9_steps_to_success.html "Top 10 Reasons Small Businesses Fail." wysiwyg://14/http://about.allbusin†¦ormation/general.jhtml?fname=10207

Component of Computer System Essay

Output devices: Monitor printer, plotter and voice output device, Modem, Automotive navigation system, Projector. Peripheral device that converts machine-readable information into people-readable information. Processing devices: CPU,  Motherboard, Chipset, bus, RAM. Hardware components process information within the computer system. Storage devices: Hard disk drives and  compact disk  drives. Hardware components allow data to be stored within a computer system. Software components of a computer system have no physical presence; they are stored in digital form within computer memory. System software is an  operating system  designed to operate and control the  computer hardware  and to provide a platform for running  application software. Utility software: anti-virus software, firewalls, disk defragmenters. Which helps to maintain and protect the computer system but does not directly interface with the hardware. Applications software: Web browsers, Office software, Games, Multimedia Software, Database Software, and Graphic Software. Designed to allow the user of the system complete a specific task or set of tasks. Different  types of computer software. Programming software, system software and application software are the three main types of computer software used in computer networking. Programmers use the programming software to develop the programming languages necessary to run computer software. Compliers, interpreters, linkers and text editors are some of the basic tools used in programming software. System software offers a protective shield to all software applications. It also provides support to the physical components of computers. System software †¢ Operating system software(windows, Linux, Mac) †¢ Utility programs (anti-virus software, firewalls, disk defragmenters. †¢ Library programs †¢ Translator software (Compiler, assembler, interpreter) Application software is used for commercial purpose. The application software is widely used in educational, business and medical fields. Industrial automation, databases, business software and medical software prove to be of great help in the respective fields. Web browsers, Office software, Games, Multimedia Software, Database Software, and Graphic Software. Application software †¢ General purpose application software. †¢ Special purpose application software. †¢ Bespoke application software

010 Titles and Arguments Professor Ramos Blog

010 Titles and Arguments Titles as Metacommentary Quick Write Titles as Metacommentary Chapter 10 (â€Å"But Don’t Get Me Wrong†: The Art of Metacommentary) Metacommentary is â€Å"a way of commenting on your claims and telling others how – and how not – to think about them† (129). Metacommentary is telling the audience how to interpret what has been said. They aid the reader by helping them understand why you are saying what you are saying. They prevent readers from getting confused and lead to a more developed paper. How can we use titles to tell the readers about your paper? Let’s look at some examples. Casso â€Å"Worth the Lie† Take 10-15 minutes to review the article. Work in groups of 2 or 3. What is Casso’s argument? How does Casso support the argument he is making? Find examples of ethos, pathos, and logos. Lance Armstrong crossing the finish line to win the 17th stage of the 2004 Tour de France.CreditCreditWolfgang Rattay/Reuters Notes: Sort of cost-benefit analysis Measuring praise and blame Making the weaker argument the stronger one, playing devil’s advocate Group Presentation Take 10 minutes to plan your presentation. Solution Argument Examples One example of a solution argument essay that we have previously discussed in this class is â€Å"The Danger of a Single Story† by Chimamanda Adichie. To quote a  CNN article on the Danger of a Single Story: Nigerian author Chimamanda Adichie believes in the power of stories, and warns that hearing only one about a people or nation leads to ignorance. She says the truth is revealed by many tales. She illustrates this with a story about coming to the United States, as a middle-class daughter of a professor and an administrator, and meeting her college roommate. Adichie says that her roommate’s â€Å"default position toward me, as an African, was a kind of patronizing, well-meaning, pity. My roommate had a single story of Africa. A single story of catastrophe.† Adichie also tells how growing up in Nigeria reading only American and English children’s books made her deaf to her authentic voice. As a child, she wrote about such things as blue-eyed white children eating apples, thinking brown skin and mangos had no place in literature. That changed as she discovered African writers, particularly the Nigerian Chinua Achebe. This is a great quote that highlights some of the moves we need to do in our article. It summarizes her topic, problem she is addressing, and solution; including examples she uses. Topic:  Many people do not realize that they are getting only one story. A single story is incomplete and she says dangerous. Problem:  Having a single story about an issue or group of people leads to stereotypes and incomplete information. Solution:  To look for multiple stories of whatever issue or topic you are hearing. She recommends we get our news and stories from multiple perspectives. Reasons and evidence:  She gives examples from her personal life to highlight that she has a personal connection. Background:  She gives background information, citing quotes and examples that place her issue in a historical context. She also uses current examples to place the issue in a contemporary context. Audience Who do you think her audience is? What do they value? Does she address those values? Sample Essays Clicking Originality Away: Social Media’s Effect On Young Female’s Self Esteem Papers Please! The Illegal Immigration Problem Creating Structure Structure is very important to making an argument. It needs to be deliberate and well organized. You cannot come across as being all over the place. An argument needs order in order for the audience to follow along. Here is one possible outline to use to build your paper: Position (thesis) Background Reason with evidence Reason with evidence Reason with evidence Reason with evidence Counterargument with refutation Conclusion with so what question addressing audience

The Problems With Holden Essay example

The Problems With Holden Essay example The Problems With Holden Essay example In one’s life, family serves as a quintessential ingredient for living with love and happiness. When taken away from someone, however, family can cause true devastation. In J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, the story is told through the eyes of Holden Caulfield who comes from a wealthy New York family . Throughout Holden’s story, the reader learns that his family’s successes cannot guarantee Holden’s happiness. Holden’s brother Allie, a couple of years younger than him, died three years prior to Holden’s recounting of his story. Holden’s broken hands that he busted in response to Allie’s death clearly show his extreme frustration, but more importantly the monumental amount of care that Holden had for his brother. Holden was not able to reach closure with Allie because he was in the hospital for his hands. In many different parts of the story, evidence points towards the fact that Holden has not gotten over his broth er’s death. Holden tells about many other struggles that he encounters, including getting kicked out of several prep schools and having to survive the streets of New York by himself. For a sixteen-year-old boy, Holden is presented with many obstacles early in his life. As the source of his problems, Allie’s death causes Holden’s depression, his rebellious nature, and his desire to stop time. Allie’s death consequently results in a life full of depression for Holden. Holden lost one of the only people in the world whom he cared about: his brother. Several times throughout the story, Holden admits how he feels depressed. Before he leaves his boarding school Pencey Prep, Holden explains, â€Å"I was trying to feel some kind of a good-by. . . . I don’t care if it’s a sad good-by or a bad good-by, but when I leave a place I like to know I’m leaving it. If you don’t, you feel even worse† (4). Holden feels that proper goodbyes are necessary to achieve closure with something. He explains how if a goodbye is not said, you feel even worse, and he speaks from experience. Holden did not get a chance to properly part from Allie at his funeral. Holden likes the satisfaction in having closure with something, and Allie’s passing away with no â€Å"goodbye† deeply depressed him. Later in the book, Holden describes more of the grief he has experienced. When telling about a time after a prostitute left, he says, â€Å"I felt so depressed, you can’t even imagine. . . . I started talking, sort of out loud, to Allie. I do that sometimes when I get very depressed† (98). Holden goes on to explain how his conversations consisted of telling Allie to meet him and his friend to shoot BB guns. Holden says how sometimes he did not let Allie go along with him because he was just a child. One can read into Holden’s feelings of guilt for not letting Allie participate in his activities sometimes. Holden imagines conversations with his dead brother when he is severely depressed. Holden admits the horrific state of his depression and how Allie acts as a source of his sorrow. Allie’s death seems to keep the depression circulating in Holden’s head, for Holden cannot find a way to rid himself of this grief-stricken state of mind. Holden’s rebellious nature is apparent throughout the story as he copes for the loss of his brother. The depression takes a toll on Holden as he can be found drinking many times during the story. After a night at the Wicker Bar in New York, Holden, age sixteen, tells the reader, â€Å"Boy, I sat at that goddam bar till around one o’clock or so, getting drunk as a bastard. I could hardly see straight† (150). To occupy himself, Holden drinks and smokes to his heart’s content. These rebellious actions may be due to his attempt at escape from reality, from his brother’s death. The rebellious side of Holden wa s not only shown from his illegal actions, but also from disregarding the adults in his life. While saying goodbye to one of his teachers Mr. Spencer, Holden receives some advice about his future. Mr. Spencer, trying to knock some

Dolphins Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dolphins - Essay Example Another factor was that pent-up consumer spending from the Great Depression and war exploded into a period of economic dynamism that propelled American hegemony. 2. The Bretton Woods System is a landmark contribution to the world economy. In the mid-20th century this system worked as a means of establishing the rules and financial regulations for the world’s major industrialized countries. Major independent nations met in Bretton Woods in 1944 and agreed to establish a number of major institutions. Among these institutions are the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) (Boyer). The system required world nations to adopt a exchange rate that tied their currency to the US dollar, allowing the IMF the ability to correct transitory payment imbalances. 3. 1968-1971 witnessed the decline of Bretton Woods System. The decline of the Bretton Woods System was greatly linked to United States currency policy changes. While during the establishment of Bretton Woods the United States had been the unchallenged hegemonic power, by the late 1960s Japan and Europe had both gained considerable economic clout. Another factor was that the Vietnam and Cold War increasingly made the United States position as the world’s central banker untenable (Boyer). In the early 1970s the United States went off the gold standard in what has been termed the Nixon Shock, effectively ending this early period of Bretton Woods. 4. 1968 experienced worldwide revolutions that posed significant challenges to modern capitalism and communism. In large part the children of this era grew up in an environment where they had ready access to television with global reach. The ability to look into foreign nations engendered an environment of self-reflexivity and the 1968 protests were the incarnation of these changing perspectives (Boyer). Both capitalist and communist nations experienced these protests. While not

Corporate Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate Communication - Essay Example As these different workers would try to impose their own attitudes and culture on the organisation as well as fellow employees, it could lead a different, uncommon and complex organisational culture, negatively impacting the organisation’s performance. Thus, for organisation to succeed, all its employees have to work in unison without any differences and for that a common, clear and workable organisational culture need to be implemented in the organisation. To implement a common organisational culture, organisations can even go for a organisational change. That is, as it will be difficult to force common organisational only in some segments of the organisation, it would be better, if the organisation goes for organizational change. When the organization does not perform up to expected levels due to culture issues and in other cases wanted to expand or diversify its operations, the management method has to be changed. This is where the concept of organizational change comes into the picture. That is, organizational change constitutes the structured changing or transitioning of employees, departments and the organizations as a whole from a current state to a favourable or desired future state. So, here the main need or necessity for an organisation to change is to implement a common organisational culture, thereby maximize the collective advantages or benefits for all the employees, managers and leaders working for the organization, and thereby maximize the profit and standing of the organization. So, this paper as part of literature review will discuss how implementing a common organisational culture will lead to organizational change and how leaders and managers had to be aware and importantly control these ch anges by case studying Starbucks. When an organization initiates the process of change management, the first main role the leader should perform is build an academically, technically strong and experienced workforce as part of the